Breast changes and how to self-check

Breasts change through your cycle. Many people notice they feel heavier, lumpier or more tender in the days before a period. That is called cyclical breast pain, and it is very common.

Cyclical breast pain

The NHS says breast pain linked to periods usually begins up to 2 weeks before a period, gets worse and then goes away when the period ends. It tends to feel dull, heavy or aching, affects both breasts, and can spread to the armpit.

• Take paracetamol or ibuprofen, or rub on a painkilling gel, if suitable for you.
• Wear a properly fitted bra in the day and a soft bra to sleep in.
• The NHS notes there is little evidence that vitamin E tablets or evening primrose oil help.
• Some medicines, such as the pill and some antidepressants, can also cause breast pain.

How to check your breasts

There is no special technique. The aim is to know what is normal for you, so you notice changes. A Cochrane review found that formal, scheduled breast self-examination did not reduce deaths from breast cancer and led to more unnecessary biopsies, which is why UK advice focuses on knowing your normal ("breast awareness") rather than a rigid routine. If checking at the same point in your cycle helps you remember, a few days after a period ends is a good time because breasts are usually less tender and lumpy.

1. Look in the mirror with arms down, then raised. Notice shape, skin and nipples.
2. Feel the whole breast, up to your collarbone and into your armpit, with the flat of your fingers.
3. Check for anything new or different, and see a GP if you find something. Keep checking after menopause too.

This applies to trans and non-binary people too. If you have breast or chest tissue, get to know it. If you have had top surgery you may still have some tissue, so talk to a GP about anything that changes.

Breast screening

NHS breast screening (mammograms) in England is offered from age 50 up to your 71st birthday. You will usually get your first invitation between 50 and 53, then every 3 years. Do not wait for screening if you notice a change.