PMS (premenstrual syndrome)
Physical and emotional symptoms in the days before a period that ease once it starts.
What does PMS mean?
PMS (premenstrual syndrome): Physical and emotional symptoms in the days before a period that ease once it starts.
How it is used in the Splash library
Bloating is one of the most common PMS symptoms on the NHS list, and the NHS notes that some people feel bloated around the time of their period.
From “Bloating and your cycle”The NHS lists hormone changes, including those around periods, as a cause of acne, and spotty skin is a common PMS symptom.
From “Acne and skin through your cycle”The RCOG says nearly everyone who has periods has some symptoms before them, and the NHS says most have PMS at some point.
From “PMS: the week-before, decoded”PMDD can include the physical symptoms of PMS, but the emotional ones are much more intense and can seriously disrupt work, study and relationships.
From “PMDD: when PMS turns the volume to max”Both can affect fertility, and many symptoms overlap with stress, PMS or anaemia, which is why a simple blood test is so useful.
From “Your thyroid and your cycle”
PMS (premenstrual syndrome) explained
PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is the physical and emotional symptoms some people get in the days before a period. They happen in the luteal phase and ease within a few days of the period starting.
PMS is thought to be caused by sensitivity to the normal rise and fall of hormones after ovulation, rather than abnormal hormone levels (RCOG).
What's typical
Most people notice some premenstrual changes. Common ones are mood swings, irritability, feeling low or anxious, tiredness, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, spots and changes in appetite.
Symptoms usually start up to two weeks before a period and improve once bleeding starts. Tracking symptoms for at least two cycles is the best way to see whether they follow this pattern.
Regular exercise, sleep, and cutting down on caffeine and alcohol can help. Some people benefit from the combined pill, CBT or SSRIs (RCOG).
When to talk to a GP, nurse or pharmacist
- Symptoms are severe enough to affect work, school or relationships, or you feel out of control. This could be PMDD.
- You have thoughts of self-harm or suicide at any point in your cycle. Speak to a GP urgently, call 111, or contact Samaritans on 116 123.
- Self-help hasn't made enough difference after a few cycles.
In the UK you can call NHS 111 for advice at any time. In an emergency call 999 (UK) or 911 (US). This is general information, not medical advice.
Where it comes up
Sources
Sources checked October 2026.
See it in your own cycle.
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