Adenomyosis

What does adenomyosis mean?

Adenomyosis: When tissue like the womb lining grows into the muscle wall of the womb, often causing heavy, painful periods.

How it is used in the Splash library

• In adenomyosis, the womb lining grows into the muscular wall of the womb.

  From “Adenomyosis: endo’s lesser-known cousin”

• The NHS says they can also be linked to conditions like PMOS (formerly PCOS), fibroids, endometriosis, adenomyosis or pelvic infection, to bleeding conditions such as von Willebrand disease, or to some medicines such as blood thinners.

  From “Heavy periods: what counts and what helps”

• Conditions: endometriosis, adenomyosis and fibroids can cause pain outside periods.

  From “Period cramps but no period: common causes”

Adenomyosis explained

Adenomyosis is when tissue like the lining of the womb grows into the muscle wall of the womb. During a period this tissue bleeds and swells inside the muscle, which can make periods heavier and more painful and the womb slightly enlarged.

It is related to endometriosis, and some people have both. It used to be thought of as a condition of later reproductive years, but better ultrasound and MRI now find it in younger people too.

What's typical

Typical symptoms are heavy periods, painful periods, a feeling of pressure or bloating in the lower tummy, and pain during sex. Some people have no symptoms at all.

It is usually picked up on a transvaginal ultrasound or MRI scan. Treatment depends on symptoms and plans for pregnancy, and can include anti-inflammatory painkillers, tranexamic acid for heavy bleeding, hormonal treatments such as an IUS, or surgery (NHS).

Symptoms usually ease after menopause.

When to talk to a GP, nurse or pharmacist

• Your periods are heavy enough to flood through protection, need changing every hour or two, or include clots larger than about 2.5cm (NHS).
• Period pain is getting worse over time or stops you getting on with your day.
• You feel very tired, breathless or dizzy, which can be a sign of anaemia from heavy bleeding.

In the UK you can call NHS 111 for advice at any time. In an emergency call 999 (UK) or 911 (US). This is general information, not medical advice.